How to train a reactive dog.

 

Training a reactive dog-one that reacts strongly to stimuli like other dogs, people, or noises-requires patience and a strategic approach. Here’s a guide on how to train a reactive dog:

1. Understand Triggers

  • Identify what triggers your dog's reactions. This could be other dogs, strangers, cars, or certain noises. Understanding triggers helps you predict and manage their reactions.
  • Keep a diary of these triggers to notice patterns.

2. Stay Calm and Confident

  • Dogs pick up on their owner’s emotions. If you’re anxious, your dog will sense it and become more reactive. Stay calm and assertive during training or when encountering a trigger.
  • Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing to manage your own stress in triggering situations.

3. Distance is Your Friend

  • Create space between your dog and the trigger. The closer your dog is to the trigger, the more reactive they will likely be. Gradually work on decreasing this distance as they improve.
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  • Find the "threshold" where your dog notices the trigger but isn’t reacting (barking, lunging). Train them at this distance.

4. Desensitization and Counter-conditioning

  • Desensitization: Gradually expose your dog to the trigger at a distance where they don’t react. Over time, decrease the distance as they become more comfortable.
  • Counter-conditioning: Pair the trigger with something positive, like treats or toys. This helps the dog form a positive association with the trigger instead of reacting negatively.
    • Example: If your dog reacts to other dogs, give them treats when they see a dog, but before they start reacting.

5. Teach an Incompatible Behaviour

  • Redirect your dog’s focus to something they can do instead of reacting, like "sit," "watch me," or "focus." Reward them for these alternative behaviours.
  • Use these commands when you notice a trigger to prevent a reaction.

6. Use High-Value Rewards

  • For reactive dogs, normal treats might not be enough. Use high-value rewards (chicken, cheese, or a favourite toy) that they only get during training.
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  • The reward should be more interesting than the trigger to redirect their focus effectively.

7. Train in Controlled Environments

  • Start in a low-distraction environment where the dog is unlikely to encounter triggers. Gradually work your way up to more challenging situations as they progress.
  • Use controlled setups (e.g. having a friend walk a dog at a distance) before encountering real-life triggers.

8. Work on Loose Leash Walking

  • A reactive dog often pulls on the leash, which can escalate their reactivity. Teach them to walk on a loose leash, using commands like “heel”. 
  • Practice leash skills in calm environments before exposing them to triggers.

9. Give Your Dog an Outlet for Energy

  • Make sure your dog is getting plenty of physical and mental exercise. A tired dog is less likely to be reactive. Activities like puzzle toys, scent work, and fetch can reduce excess energy.
  • Try calming exercises like "settle" or mat training, where your dog learns to relax in a specific spot.
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10. Use Tools if Necessary

  • Head halters or no-pull harnesses can give you more control over a reactive dog during walks.
  • Avoid tools like prong collars, shock collars, or choke chains, as they can increase fear and aggression.

11. Stay Below the Threshold

  • Avoid overexposing your dog to triggers. If they go over their threshold and react (barking, lunging, growling), they’re not in a state to learn. Keep training within their comfort zone and slowly push boundaries over time.

12. Seek Professional Help if Needed

  • If your dog’s reactivity is severe, consider working with a professional dog trainer or behaviourist who specializes in reactive dogs. They can help you create a tailored plan and guide you through more advanced training techniques.

13. Be Patient

  • Reactive dogs need time to unlearn their habits and build new associations. Progress may be slow, but consistency and patience will lead to success.

Training a reactive dog requires building trust and confidence, both for the dog and the owner. With consistent work and patience, reactive behavior can be significantly improved, leading to calmer and more enjoyable outings.

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